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Cyber Terrorism Desk

Virtual Power, Information Warfare, and Counterterrorism in the Digital Era

Rapid transformations in the international balance of power, accelerated technological innovation, and the proliferation of cross border digital communication networks have created a highly interconnected information environment characterized by limited regulatory oversight. The Internet, social media platforms, messaging applications, and digital ecosystems operate globally and

Handala: Iran’s Digital Theater of Terror

This article presents the hacker group Handala as part of Iran’s digital theater of terror and highlights its central role in the realm of psychological and cognitive warfare. The group’s activities combine cyberattacks, data leaks, and threats with carefully orchestrated media campaigns designed to shape

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